Introduction to Glucometrics

Glucometric "Population" Model

All blood glucose without any grouping. [n = all BG readings of target population within specified time-period]
Pros Cons
  • Can be appropriate to detect occasional glucose excursions outside of any narrow target range
  • Greatest statistical power since the largest sample size
  • Single patient with 10 hypoglycaemic events vs. 10 patients with a single episode of hypoglycaemia

Glucometric "Patient-Stay" Model

All BGs grouped by single patient [n = no. of admissions admitted during specified time-period in target population]
Pros Cons
  • Minimises the bias of BG testing frequency
  • “What is my chance of becoming hypoglycaemic in a hospital?"
  • Undervalues the relative impact of patients with extended lengths of stay
  • Single patient with 50 hypoglycaemic events vs. patient with a single episode of hypoglycaemia

Glucometric "Patient-Day" Model

All BGs grouped by calendar days [n = total no. of calendar days patients were admitted during specified time-period in target population]
Pros Cons
  • “Intermediate model” - optimal balance of BG frequency and patient length of stay
  • Most clinically useful
  • Can be viewed as more complicated to generate and interpret
For further information, please refer to the following studies: Goldberg PA, Bozzo JE, Thomas PG, Mesmer MM, Sakharova OV, Radford MJ, et al. "Glucometrics"--assessing the quality of inpatient glucose management. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006;8(5):560-9. doi: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.560. Kyi M, Colman PG, Rowan LM, Marley KA, Wraight PR, Fourlanos S. Glucometric benchmarking in an Australian hospital enabled by networked glucose meter technology. Med J Aust. 2019;211(4):175-80. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50247. Barmanray RD, Kyi M, Colman PG, Fourlanos S. Longitudinal Digital Glucometric Benchmarking to Evaluate the Impact of Institutional Diabetes Care Initiatives in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus Over the 2016-2020 Period. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022 May;18(3):610-17. doi: 10.1177/19322968221140126.